WASHINGTON -- In a key step forward for a pact that would account for nearly 40 % of the global economy, the United States gave Japan the green light Friday to enter talks on a Pacific trade agreement.
The two countries announced concessions for Japan to join negotiations on the 11-nation, U.S. driven Trans-Pacific Partnership, despite the opposition from some U.S. manufacturers and labor groups and Japan's powerful farmers.
"I want our participation in the negotiations to come into force quickly so we can play a critical role in defining the rules" of the pact, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe told reporters in Tokyo.
Under the Trans-Pacific Partnership guidelines, all 11 nations engaged in the negotiations need to approve before Japan participates. Japan must still win over Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Peru.
Nations in the talks that have approved Japan's participation are Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, Mexico, Singapore and Vietnam.
Japan's entrance into talks "is good for the U.S., it's good for the Trans-Pacific Partnership as a whole, and it's very good for the multilateral trading system itself," senior White House official Mike Froman said.
Automotive Issues
Acting U.S. Trade Representative Demetrios Marantis said Japan had made promises to ease the concerns of U.S. automakers, which fear being crushed at home by their Japanese competition under a free trade deal.
Marantis said Japan agreed that U.S. tariffs on Japanese cars would be phased out at the latest possible time allowed by a future accord.
The tariffs would also "substantially exceed" the levels in the free trade agreement between the United States and South Korea that went into force in March 2012 after exhaustive talks on car imports, Marantis said.
In turn, the United States will talk to Japan about non-tariff barriers it believes keep out U.S. cars, such as untransparent regulations, and Japan would raise from 2,000 to 5,000 the number of cars certified each year under a fast-track program.
Congress must ultimately approve a free trade agreement and Japan's entrance has faced strong opposition from several members of President Barack Obama's Democratic Party. Representative Sandy Levin, the top Democrat on the House Ways and Means Committee, which is critical to passing any trade bill, said Japan's promises did not go far enough to meet the auto industry's concerns.
Levin, from the auto state of Michigan, said any U.S. tariff reduction should be linked to action by Japan to open its market. He said Japan's increase in certification by 3,000 cars was so low it was "a meaningless gesture."
"For decades Japan has had and been using to their economic advantage the most closed auto market in the world," Levin said, noting that imported cars' market share in Japan was far lower than in the United States.
But the Obama administration's acceptance of Japan was welcomed by Republicans and some Democrats including Senator Max Baucus, who chairs the key Senate Finance Committee. Baucus, from the ranching state of Montana, called Japan's participation "an extraordinary opportunity" and hailed Tokyo's recent moves to accept more U.S. beef imports.
Obama has championed the Trans-Pacific Partnership as a way to boost the U.S. economy through trade and to build a U.S.-backed order in a fast-growing region where China -- which is not part of the talks -- is gaining clout.
Abe, despite criticism from members of his party and rural constituents, has embraced the Trans-Pacific Partnership as a way to ensure that the world's third largest economy stays relevant amid the rapid changes in Asia.
Nations in the talks that have approved Japan's participation are Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, Mexico, Singapore and Vietnam.
-Shaun Tandon, AFP
Copyright Agence France-Presse, 2013
